Thursday, January 19, 2023

Terms with unexpected meanings, part 1

As I look through my 1970s dictionary, I occasionally come across a word that has a definition I didn't know it had. Some of these words are ones that would be used in legal agreements, so it's important for everyone involved in the agreement to be aware of the possible definitions of the words they are using.

Here are some of the alternate definitions that have stood out recently to me:

* "sympathetic" = of or relating to the sympathetic nervous system [this isn't as limited as one might think, for the sympathetic nervous system is archaically--which means "old-fashioned," but not "no-longer-in-use"-- defined as the autonomic nervous system, which in turn is defined as "a part of the vertebrate nervous system that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues, governs actions that are more or less automatic (as secretion, vasoconstriction, or peristalsis), and consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system."]

* "hype" = (as a noun) deception, put-on; (as a verb) to put on (synonyms--mislead, deceive)

* "happening" = an event or series of events designed to evoke a spontaneous audience reaction to sensory, emotional, or spiritual stimuli: as a: the activities concurrent with or involved in the creation or presentation of a nonrepresentational art object (as an action painting) b: a [usually] unrehearsed stage performance utilizing art objects and sound effects for chance and impromptu results

* "boo" = marijuana

* "hunting" = a self-induced or undesirable oscillation of a variable above and below the desired value in an automatic control system; a continuous attempt by an automatically controlled system to find a desired equilibrium condition

* "ice" = an undercover premium paid to a theater employee for choice theater tickets

* "genetic code" = the self-reproducing record of the specific protein pattern of an organism which is apparently stored in triplets of sequential nucleotides in the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid and which is transmitted through a series of ribonucleic acids to the cytoplasmic seats of protein synthesis [APPARENTLY?]

* "interrogate" = to give or send out a signal to (as a computer) for triggering an appropriate response [notice that this expands interrogating humans from the usual understanding of just asking us questions to actually triggering responses in us]

A good warning for us all, as we casually click "I accept" for all kinds of agreements these days, is the experience of the indigenous people of New Zealand, who learned that they could be bound by an agreement they didn't know they had made. Look into the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 if you haven't read about it before. The British held the Maori to the English-language version of the treaty, even though the Maori leaders thought they had only agreed to the Maori-language version. Of course, the English-language treaty gave the British more power than than the Maori anticipated.

Pay attention to the first word above, "sympathetic." When most of us read that word, we think of "being nice." However, the world trade agreements currently in force frequently include a contractual duty of countries to "afford sympathetic consideration" to each other. What meaning of sympathetic is being used? Because if it's a meaning that includes the "part of [our] nervous system" that "governs actions that are more or less automatic," there's potential there for exploitation of our "more or less automatic" thinking processes, an abusive exploitation which we supposedly agreed to in the world trade treaties. Definitions matter, and fine print should be scrutinized.

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